Hybrid drive systems use two or more energy sources for propulsion, typically combining an internal combustion engine with one or more electric motors. The aim is to combine the advantages of both systems, such as the high efficiency and recuperation capability of the electric motor and the high range and energy density of fossil fuels. Typical functions include load management between the drives and the recovery of braking energy (regeneration), as well as enabling the vehicle to operate in electric mode for low noise and zero emissions. Hybrid drives are used in passenger cars, commercial vehicles, construction machinery, and military vehicles, particularly in applications where energy efficiency, low noise levels, or tactical flexibility are required.
